ABOUT LPG
LPG is sourced from Natural Gas or Crude Oil Refinery
What is LPG?
The chemical composition of LPG is similar to that of natural gas. LPG offers the
great benefit though, that the gas becomes liquid under low pressure and regular
temperature. This characteristic enables great amounts of energy to be
transported and stored in small tanks and cylinders.
Before 1950 LPG was burned because it was thought to be useless. Only starting
then the various uses of LPG was discovered.
In general, LPG is a hydrocarbon gas which liquefies in closed containers (tanks,
cylinders) at normal temperature and under low pressure. Usually LPG is either
propane [C 3 H 8 ] or butane [C 4 H 10 ] or a mix of both. LPG itself is colorless and
odorless. The typical gas smell comes from adding a chemical odorant, so humans
are able to notice the presence of the gas.
Currently 20% of the Ghanaian LPG comes from TOR, 40% from FuelTrade and the
remaining from the Ghana oil fields. LPG is used in various ways and covers all
energy demands, no matter it being big or small: in your home or in your
business.
Handling of LPG
- Gas is stored in liquid form under pressure in a steel container, cylinder or
tank - The pressure of the LPG in the container varies with the surrounding
temperature - Internal pressure is much higher than needed and needs to be controlled
by a regulator to ensure steady supply at constant pressure. - Sufficient space is left when filling up to allow for expansion.
- It should always be treated with respect and kept away from children
whenever possible.
Benefits of LPG
Cleaner burning fuel
More convenient
More economical
More flexible
Saves electricity consumption
Environmentally friendly
Versatile
Very high thermal energy
Lower fuel costs for vehicles
Efficient
Reduces Energy Poverty
Applications of LPG
Air conditioning
Automotive fuel
Aviation Fuel
Baking
Car washing
Cleaning
CO2 Production & Enrichment
Concrete curing and treatment
Cooking indoors and outdoors
Cremation service
Drying (crop, cereal, fruit and tobacco)
Emergency & Disaster Management
Engine Fuel
Expanded Polystyrene Foam (EPF) manufacturing
Fog dispersion
Fork Lift Trucks
Furnace & Machinery Heating
Heating
Igniting and thawing
Insect, bug, bird and rodent control
Irrigation
Laundry service
Lighting
Refrigerant (R290, R600, R600a, R1270)
Chemical feedstock
Marine transportation fuel
Melting moulding
Paint and concrete drying
Pest control
Power / Electricity Generation
Propellent
Roasting
Roofing
Sanitation
Soldering, welding, flame cutting
Sporting activities
Water Pumping & Bailing
Waste management
LPG in Ghana Today
According to estimates, Ghana has between 1.5 Tscf and 1.7 Tscf of gas
reserves which include reserves which have not been discovered yet
Ghana currently has gas deposits of 200Bscf offshore the jubilee field
which the country utilizes for fuel to generate electricity
The National Energy Policy strategies relevant facilitating access to LPG and
expanding supply infrastructure
Most industrial companies who use heavy duty machinery have converted
from diesel to LPG considering economic factors
Most general and commercial purpose vehicles have resorted to using LPG
instead of diesel or petrol due to cost
Estimates show; automobile users consume about 58% of the annual LPG
supply while households, commercial operators and industry together
consume the remaining 42%
With consistent increase in petrol/diesel prices, people are looking for an
alternate fuel with less cost
The African Energy Mix Outlook, (Source: Ecobank Capital 2011)
Safety
1. For safety reasons when handling LPG please avoid the following:
• Smoking or other sources of ignition in the working or danger area
• Using LPG or fulfill setup tasks in locations where the regular gas smell is
not noticeable due to other smells (e.g. in unventilated rooms)
• Lightening up LPG sources while musty and moist smells prevail in the room
• Putting LPG applications to work with the help of tools, when their handles
or operating buttons are not working
• Broken operating elements must be replaced before operation!
2. Smell gas? What to do:
If you detect or suspect an error with your LPG installation, you should call
EXOGAS or another authorised company immediately. Repairs of LPG installations
shall only be undertaken by trained personnel.
Attention: please don't take any risk and try not to repair the installation on your
own. Manipulations of the installation by untrained persons can lead to severe
accidents!
Following you find the most important rules of behavior when you smell gas or
hear a fizzy sound of a gas leak:
Step 1: Step away, put out or avoid
• no open fires, avoid smoking
• do not press or turn on any electric light switches or other electric
appliances
• do not light any matches or lighters
• do not use telephones or cell phones
Any little spark can trigger ignition: The spark of a light switch, a phone, a fan,
refrigerator engine, flame of a burner or lighter, unloading of static electricity
when walking into a room etc.
Step 2: Keep others away
Immediately remove or keep away all people from the building, the vehicle, the
caravan or the close by area
Step 3: Shut off LPG
Turn the hand wheel of the isolation valve of the cylinder to the right
Step 4: Alerting and behavior in the danger zone
To alert EXOGAS or emergency crews (fire brigade, police, ambulance) please use
the phone of a neighbor
Do not enter the building, the vehicle, the caravan or the endangered area before
a trained person or the fire brigade has defined it as safe.
Do not open the gas valve.
Step 5: Tasks of the emergency crews
Please only allow trained personnel and the fire brigade to check for gas leaks.
The following tasks are to be fulfilled only by trained personnel:
– define and repair leaks
– check the pressure and impermeability of the system
– turn on the gas
– check all gas appliances and turn them back on
Step 6: Before re-entering the danger zone
Re-enter the room only, when trained personnel or the fire brigade has confirmed
safety. Also, the ventilation of the room is absolutely necessary.
3. Safety remarks for LPG cylinders
Never store LPG cylinders below ground level, close to ground openings,
basement windows or stairs leading down to a basement (LPG is heavier than air).
Areas where LPG cylinders are stored have to be surrounded by a protection area.
For these protection areas there are certain regulations to be followed. We shall
offer support for dealing with authorities in the process of setting up cylinder
storages.
Environment
LPG as alternative source of energy: an opportunity for our planet. The climate-
related consequences of greenhouse gases are widely known. Hence our task will
be to choose those energy sources, which contribute the least to global warming –
LPG is one of them!
What is Autogas
LPG/CNG as fuel in automobiles is referred to as ‘autogas’
Background
Discovered in 1910
– Dr. Walter O. Snelling
First used as an engine fuel in 1913
Autogas Handling
Autogas systems should be of high global quality
Autogas should be prioritize with strong safety measures covering both
driver and vehicle
Autogas installations must not be compromised
Autogas installations should be performed by qualified and highly trained
technicians
Autogas should be stored in liquid form under pressure in standardized
storage tanks
Storage tanks should be well fitted at appropriate position in the vehicle
Autogas pressure in storage tanks varies with the surrounding temperature
Internal pressure is much higher thereby requiring well fitted control by
storage tank systems to ensure steady supply at constant pressure.
Sufficient space is left when filling up to allow for expansion.
Autogas systems should be checked regularly to prevent leakages and
possible explosions.
Autogas Benefits
- Fuel Costs
– reduced by 30 to 40%
– Positive ROI with or without government incentives
Performance
– Same horsepower, torque, towing capacity
– No impact to payload / storage space
Service
– Same warranty coverage
– Same diagnostic equipment
Refuelling
– Third most-commonly available (behind petrol and diesel)
– Lower cost infrastructure than any other fuel
Emissions
– 88% reduction in GreenHouseGases
– 60% reduction in NOX
Low maintenance cost
– Mixes better with air than petrol
– Far less wear on engine and certain components
– Absence of acids and carbon deposits
LPG AUTOGAS AROUND THE WORLD
Most widely used alternative fuel in the world today
– Over 27million vehicles powered by LPG autogas
– Consumption is up 70% since 2000
High concentration in certain countries
– Korea, Russia, Turkey, Poland, and Italy account for 60% of global
consumption
Number of vehicles on the road (autogas)
– Turkey = 2.4 million vehicles
– Poland = 2.3 million vehicles
– Korea = 2.3 million vehicles
– Italy = 1.7 million vehicles
– Russia = 1.3 million vehicles
Australia
– Every third vehicle off Ford’s assembly line is LPG autogas powered
Turkey
– More LPG autogas sold last year than gasoline+diesel combined